Essay on Neoclassical Art Period vs Romanticism Art Period

Neoclassical Art Period Romanticism Art Period RIWT Task 1 Swinford, Beth 8/23/2012 Neoclassical Art Period The Neoclassical art period overlapped with the 18th century Age of Enlightenment and continued into the early 19th century. Neoclassicism left almost no feature of visual culture untouched. This was regardless of the realistic and hypothetical connections to the classical tradition of Western art. Neoclassicism was viewed as a revolutionary denial of the selfindulgence of the baroque. Neoclassicism’s formal stylistic characteristics had a tendency to copy ancient Greco-Roman art with a prominence on poise, self-control, and grandeur of†¦show more content†¦Artists were known to take public stands, or wrote works with socially or politically influenced subject matter (Melani, 2009). A major Romantic subject was the distinction between artist and middle-class that were regarded as being indifferent to artistic and intellectual achievements and values. Relationship between the Neoclassical and Romanticism Art Period The clean and straight lines of the neoclassical style provided a passive palette, chiseled forms, low depth of background and excellent plans or designs. Neoclassical artists strived for the best with meticulously drawn line as well as superbly premeditated plans. They were considered to be a higher-class compared to Romanticisms luring of vivid color and high contrasts. Neoclassical thinking was that better to be solicitous and cautious than to rouse the emotions. Romanticism was quite the opposite by accentuating the emotion, the individual, the illogical, the imaginative, the spontaneous, and even the creative thinking and supernatural in art (Irwin). Romantic artist wanted to define their agendas through logical distinction from the rules of Neoclassicism. The 1800 Preface to Lyrical Ballads, the crucial studies of the Schlegel brothers in Germany, the later statements of Victor Hugo in France, and of Hawthorne, Poe, and Whitman in the United States--they self-consciously declar ed their variances from the previous age declaring freedom from the mechanical rules (Melani, 2009). Two majorShow MoreRelatedEssay on Renaissance vs Neoclassicism1295 Words   |  6 PagesTrefren, D Renaissance VS Neoclassicism How could two periods such as the Neoclassicism and the Renaissance be so successful and be focused on very different things? Neoclassicism and the Renaissance are two major periods in the history of art during which different forms of art including architecture, painting, music and visual arts, significantly advanced. It was during these periods, different artists became very famous as a result of the masterpieces reflecting how the ideologies and artisticRead MoreNeoclassicism Vs. Modernism Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pageswhile neoclassicism may be defined as â€Å"A movement of style in the works of certain 20th-century composers, who, particularly during the period between the two world wars, revived the balanced forms and clearly perceptible thematic processes of earlier styles to replace what were, to them, the increasingly exaggerated gestures and formlessness of late Romanticism†2 By not only comparing his works to others but within his own body of work the two movemen ts can be better distinguished. Stravinsky composedRead MoreRomanticism versus Neoclassicism2775 Words   |  12 PagesNeoclassical and Romantic movements cover the period of 1750 to 1850. Neoclassicism showed life to be more rational than it really was. The Romantics favoured an interest in nature, picturesque, violent, sublime. Unlike Neo_classicism, which stood for the order, reason, tradition, society, intellect and formal diction, Romanticism allowed people to get away from the constrained rational views of life and concentrate on an emotional and sentimental side of humanity. In this movement the emphasis wasRead MoreThe Eighteenth Century : Age Of Enlightenment2647 Words   |  11 Pages-Did romanticism focus on how human emotion aids or depreciates the value of reason and rational thought? Woman’s Question in Enlightenment: -How did men respond to women’s roles in thinking and creating ideas? Social Environment of Philosophes: -Where these meetings in secret or open to anyone? Culture and Society Enlightenment: Innovations in Art, Music, and Literature: The Development of Music: -Was music not a predominate part of the Baroque period before

Applications Of The RSA, Encryption, Asymmetric Algorithm

Abstract RSA is a widely used asymmetric algorithm. It is commonly used as a public key cryptography solution for many applications including TLS and e-commerce. However, not only is the algorithm 40 years old, there have been numerous breaches of the algorithm. There also exist more secure alternatives, such as elliptic curve cryptography. It is time to replace the aging RSA. Keywords: RSA, encryption, asymmetric cryptography Introduction RSA is a widely used public key/asymmetric algorithm (Ambedkar, Gupta, Gautam, Bedi, 2011; Mao, 2011; Stallings, 2010; Yeh, Huang, Lin, Chang, 2009). It is used extensively in e-commerce solutions, as well as in most digital certificates (Ahmed, 2010; Aà ¯meur, Brassard, †¦show more content†¦In their methodology, Heninger and Shacham (2009) formulated a series of linear equations that would progressively approximate the RSA private key. This technique is very similar to the linear cryptanalysis method utilized for cryptanalysis of symmetric key algorithms (Alekseychuck, Kovalchuk, Palchenko, 2007; Keliher, 2007; Swenson, 2008). Zhao and Qi (2007) used a similar methodology to derive RSA private keys, also attacking smaller modulus implementations. Aciicmez and Schindler (2008) examined the RSA algorithm, specifically as implemented in SSL. SSL, or Secure Sockets Layer, is the protocol used to provide encryption on websites (Mao, 2011; Stallings, 2010; Stanoyavich, 2010). While the actual protocol has since been supplanted by a newer protocol, TLS (Transport Layer Security), many sources still use the term SSL (Stallings, 2010). In their study of SSL using RSA, Aciicmez and Schindler (2008) examined the timing for modular arithmetic operations used in that specific implementation of RSA. This ultimately led to a method for factoring the public key, thus yielding the private key used in that RSA implementation. The authors of this study were able to significantly decrease the time required to factor the public key in order to derive the private key (Aciicmez Schindler, 2008). Kleinjung et al. (2010), took a more traditional approach in their attempt to break RSA. The method most often employed to attempt to derive theShow MoreRelatedData Security Cloud Computing Using Rsa Algorithm1321 Words   |  6 PagesData Security in Cloud Computing using RSA Algorithm Abstract: In cloud computing, data security is the major issue. Security in single cloud is less popular than in multicloud due to its ability to reduce security risks. In this paper, we describe a new architecture for security of data storage in multicloud. We use two mechanisms-data encryption and file splitting. When user upload a file ,it is encrypted using AES encryption algorithm. Then that encrypted file is divided into equal parts accordingRead MoreUse Of Encryption And Decryption Techniques Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pagesdays coming, the algorithms still not strong as cryptanalyst can recognize with them. Today a computer s program can run faster as its features speed is higher. An older algorithm has their own drawbacks such as its encryption can be attacked by Brute Force. This paper is going to explain a new technique of encryption that will give a better protection, easier and faster to encrypt and a lot of advanced security is included. This paper also displays the comparison of encryption and decryption techniquesRead MoreCryptography Is A Science That Transforms Information Into Secure Form By Providing Basic Protections1697 Words   |  7 PagesIn recent times providing security to the information is the major issue. There are many applications developed by the cyber terrorists, cyber criminals, script kidders etc. to steal the private information like passwords, ATM pin numbers, and credit card details so on. One of the solution to protect the information is Cryptography, which is the focus of this paper. Cryptography is a science that transforms information into secure form by providing basic protections. These protections include confidentialityRead MoreMobile Cloud Computing : A Virtual Pool Of Resources4230 Words   |  17 Pagessecurity and reliability etc. The most important problem in all these is security and privacy. Securing the cloud means protecting the databases. We are going to discuss about different security issues occurred in cloud and different cryptographic algorithms which are used to provide security. 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Cryptography uses encryption algorithms to send messages through anRead MoreCsec 630 Lab 11094 Words   |  5 PagesLab Assignment #1: Introduction to Encryption Algorithms CSEC 630 University of Maryland University College Professor Jingyu Zhang 1. Which tool or technique would be most effective for a cryptanalyst to use to decipher a text encrypted with the Caesar cipher, and why? The best analysis tool to break the Caesar cipher is histogram because it performs a statistical analysis on cipher text which shows the frequency of each letter used in the file. This can later be compared and matchedRead MoreEncryption Is The Process Of Encoding Information1347 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Introduction to Encryption Encryption is the process of encoding information in such a way that only the person (or computer) with the key  can decode it. Encryption is a way to enhance the security of a message or file by scrambling the contents so that it can be read only by someone who has the right encryption key to unscramble it. Encryption has widely been used to protect data in numerous areas, such as e-commerce, online banking, cloud storage, online communication and so forth. ForRead MoreCryptography, The Most Important Part For Secure Any Business By Securing The Communication Range1668 Words   |  7 Pagesproject it is described how cryptography converts the essential data in coded form and how it is changed using terms encryption and decryption. In this undertaking distinctive keys utilized for encryption and unscrambling is examined like cryptography mystery key and open key. In this a short portrayal of encryption is given which is the starting venture in cryptography. Encryption takes an arrangement of calculations, or scientific articulations, to scramble information from its unique organizationRead MoreAsymmetric Cryptographic Algorithms For Key Exchange Protocols Essay1982 Words   |  8 Pages Asymmetric cryptographic algorithms, such as RSA, encrypt symmetric keys in key exchange protocols and in hybrid cryptographic systems. Furthermore, entities A and B can now use end-to-end confidentiality and integrity services without the cooperation of any third entity. For example, users can exchange secure e-mail and securely access Web content on an intranet without the immediate cooperation of a mediating server such as CA. Author in [17] introduced a new combined cryptographic method calledRead MoreThe Big Data Is Preserve Privacy Information Of The Customers, Employees, And The Organizations Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesAccess control: Authorization of access control for users and the system Apply key management: If an attacker gets access to the encryption key, it will be a disaster. A lot of data management system collects and store keys n a local disk drive because it is easy to access and also efficient in terms of time. Using a key management system for each user group, application, and the primary user makes it more secure. Log record: Log record helps us to keep a record of unusual behavior, detect attacks

Journal The Australasian Nurses Association â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Of The Australasian Nurses Association? Answer: Introducation The council is a governmental organization that was formed in the year 2010 after the dismantling of the Nurses and Midwifes Board. The boards mission is to protect public safety and maintain professional standards through the effective regulation of nurses and midwives and the development of collaborative relationships. To achieve its mission, the organization is responsible for assisting and managing around 14 professional councils in NSW. The council also works hand in hand with the NSW Health Care Complaints Commission to manage any complaints reported about the NSW health practitioners as well as the registered students in the health practitioner program. According to Scanlon et al, 2016, the council helps the health nurses and midwifes to implement the laws, work ethics and quality standards in their profession as much as possible. The main objective of this council is to increase the nurses or midwives trust and confidence in their work areas. Professional Accountability Of Nurses And Midwives Some of the activities that the nurse on duty from 1700HRS on 11 January 2013 should have done are: To make frequent check-ups on the patients health condition. This would have helped the nurse to realize the immediate changes of the patients condition. According to the nurses rules and laws, there should be thorough, frequent but regular and effective patient check-ups (Benton et al, 2013). The nurse should not have taken too much time to check patients As condition. For instance, patient As condition worsened after 20minutes but it took almost one hour to notify the nurse. The longer it took, the worse the conditions became. The nurse should have recorded and documented the patients condition after observation (Kingwell et al, 2017). This means that the nurse had no point of reference if she were asked to provide evidence or if she wanted to refer the patient to the doctor. The nurse failed to notify the doctor about the patients condition early enough (Foley et al, 2017). This was against the rules and laws governing the hospital especially the shifts that take place from 1720HRS that states that a doctor should be notified when a patients health condition worsens especially from 1720HRS and beyond. The Nurse therefore failed to notify patient As doctor which against the hospital rules. The patient failed to make a plan of action for patient A, even after observing that her condition was worsening. The lack of plan to improve patient As health condition led to its deterioration and later death. The nurse should have come up with a plan to manage the patients health condition to avoid it from deteriorating (Ross et al, 2017). During her shift, the nurse decided to wait for the doctor to arrive even when she knew that patient As condition was becoming worse. The nurse knew that it would be long before the doctor arrived to check on the patients (during his normal working hours) but she still waited until he arrived. The doctor did not have any idea about the patients condition at that time, courtesy of the nurse on duty. Apart from failing to notify the doctor, she did not try to make the patients condition better. She failed to make the patient feel comfortable and better which is one issue that led to further and faster deterioration hence death. Professional Standards Breached Just like any other profession, the Nurse and Midwife practice has created and implemented some work ethics and standards that govern their profession. These standards are however made by the NMBD organizations. These standards are meant to guide and direct the nurses and midwives towards effective and proficient practice and competency (Fisher, 2017). The following are some of the standards that were breached in the case study: Standards Guiding Plan Development This standard relates to the ability of a nurse to develop a plan of action during the practice to help the patient get better. The plan is supposed to focus on ways and methods to improve the health condition of the patient. Also, the standard expects this plan to be documented and communicated to other people responsible e.g. doctors or other nurses. The nurse on duty from 1700HRS on 11th January 2013 failed to create a plan for patient A, even after she observed her condition deteriorating. This was a breach of standards which later led to the death of the patient. Standards to Guide Assessment Conduction The purpose of this standard is to ensure that patient assessment and observations are frequent and regular. The nurse should ensure that patient check-ups are comprehensive and right. The assessments made by nurses should be used to create a plan to improve the patients health before the doctors assessment (Cashin et al, 2015). However, in the case study, the nurse failed to make frequent and regular check-ups for the patient. Additionally, there was a situation where the nurse was informed about the condition instead of her observing it on her own. By failing to do this, the nurse missed out on the progression of the patients condition hence poor judgment. Standards Guiding Critical Thinking and Analysis This standards are responsible for ensuring that the nurse is capable of thinking critically during her working hours. This standard values a nurses level of appraising and developing herself professionally as well as her value for providing practice evidence (Cashin et al, 2017). It certainly revolves around ensuring that every nurses activities, observations and assessments are recorded and documented. In the case study, the nurse failed to document her observations on the patient when she assessed her. The nurse failed to create a plan to improve her condition. All of these things should have been documented for reference in future or as evidence that the nurse did all she could. Frequent and regular observations Every nurse should always be well updated and aware of their patients condition. This can be achieved by ensuring that there are frequent and regular observations, assessments and check-ups made. However, the nurse in the case study failed do any of these and instead, she made just one observation. Increase of engagement level The nurses should ensure that their patients are well engaged but in a professional way. They should use their skills and knowledge to create some conversation with patients. This is proven to be an indirect way to improve a patients health and could have worked for the patient in the case study. Observation Documentation Whenever an observation, an assessment or a check-up is done, the nurse should ensure that they record and document the details or results for future reference or as evidence. This was done by the nurse in the case study which showed poor or ineffective clinical reasoning. Personal attributes Every nurse or midwife is supposed to have certain personal and interpersonal attributes that help them cope during in their work. Most of these attributes should involve skills like sympathy, accountability, critical thinking, innovative skills and ability to solve problems among others (Casey et al, 2017). The nurse in case study failed to reflect on her actions or even sympathize with the patient which led to her failure to act effectively. Lessons Learnt From the case study, I have learnt that it is important for a nurse or midwife to be well prepared about the profession and the responsibility that is to be installed on his/her shoulders. The nurses are the ones entirely responsible for taking care of the hospital patients after they are treated by the doctors. This means that they are the people to determine whether the patients condition improves or not (Vogt, 2015). The care aspect of my choice is to conduct patient observations and check-ups. I will be able to evaluate and understand a patients progress and condition with every observation. In this aspect, I will be able to interact with the patients professionally by making small talks. Through this, I will be able to achieve other aspects like engagement and therapeutic relationships with patients, come up with a plan to help improve the patients condition as well as record the patients results and document them. Generally, I can say this is the best care practice option because it will help me achieve most of the other care activities of a nurse. Conclusion In the case study, the nurse failed to implement her skills and knowledge effectively and efficiently, i.e. she failed to carry out most of the crucial activities of a nurse on duty. The nurse did not observe patient A as she should, failed to record and document the results from the one observation made and failed to inform the doctor about the patients condition. This indicates that there was malpractice which led to the patients death. Such incidences may also lead to court or legal conditions to be followed which may lead to jail sentence. Therefore, it is clear that every nurse or midwife should follow and adhere to the standards set by their organizations from them to be successful in their profession. References Benton, D. C., Gonzlez, Jurado, M. A., Beneit, Montesinos, J. V. (2013). A structured policy review of the principles of professional self-regulation.International nursing review,60(1), 13-22. Casey, M., Cooney, A., O'Connell, R., Hegarty, J. M., Brady, A. M., O'Reilly, P., ... O'Connor, L. (2017). Nurses', midwives' and key stakeholders' experiences and perceptions on requirements to demonstrate the maintenance of professional competence.Journal of advanced nursing,73(3), 653-664 Cashin, A., Buckley, T., Donoghue, J., Heartfield, M., Bryce, J., Cox, D., ... Dunn, S. V. (2015). Development of the nurse practitioner standards for practice Australia.Policy, Politics, Nursing Practice,16(1-2), 27-37. Cashin, A., Heartfield, M., Bryce, J., Devey, L., Buckley, T., Cox, D., ... Fisher, M. (2017). Standards for practice for registered nurses in Australia.Collegian,24(3), 255-266. Fisher, M. (2017). Professional standards for nursing practice: How do they shape contemporary rehabilitation nursing practice?Journal of the Australasian Rehabilitation Nurses Association,20(1), 4. Foley, M., Christensen, M. (2016). Negligence and the Duty of Care: A Case Study Discussion.Singapore Nursing Journal,43(1). Kingwell, E. L., Butt, J., Leslie, G. (2017). Maternity high-dependency care and the Australian midwife: A review of the literature.Women and Birth,30(2), e73-e77. Ross, K., Barr, J., Stevens, J. (2013). Mandatory continuing professional development requirements: what does this mean for Australian nurses.BMC nursing,12(1), 9. Scanlon, A., Cashin, A., Bryce, J., Kelly, J. G., Buckely, T. (2016). The complexities of defining nurse practitioner scope of practice in the Australian context.Collegian,23(1), 129-142. Vogt, T. (2015). Life after graduationProfessional issues and registration 101.Women and Birth,28, S6.

International Business Framework of Multinationals Company

Question: Discuss about the International Business for Framework of Multinationals Company. Answer: 1. Identification of a multinational company operating in Australia The international company that is taken into consideration in this assignment is Wesfarmers Limited that is headquartered inPerth, Western Australia. This organization is associated primarily with the retailing business procedure but also have a predominant interest in providing chemicals, fertilizers, coal mining and industrial and safety products. The concerned organization has a 220,000 number of employee only in Australia including employees from all subsidiaries and has a shareholder base of approximately 500,000. The number of employee in New Zealand exceeds 2000 and in Asian countries like Bangladesh, they have their count of stakeholders more than 5000 ("Wesfarmers Limited", 2016). The annual revenue of Wesfarmers in the year 2014 is $13,842 million and $13,382 million for the year 2015 ("Wesfarmers Limited", 2016). Figure 1: Annual revenue by Wesfarmers Limited in 2014 and 2015 (Source: "Wesfarmers Limited", 2016) It is evident from the above figure that the concerned organization attained 56% - 59% of wealth by employees every year. Wesfarmers have many subsidiaries like Coles Express, Coles Supermarket, Vintage Cellars, Bunnings, Kmart, Kmart Tyre Auto Service and many more operated in India, New Caledonia, United Kingdom, China, Bermuda, Singapore, Hong Kong and Indonesia. The headquarter in New Zealand is in Auckland, New Zealand, while in India they intends to open their apparel retail industry for better opportunity to increase their business revenue. 2. Regulatory frameworks affecting the multinational company Eberlein et al. (2014) defines that a regulatory framework is necessary infrastructure, which supports the direction and implementation of the course of action, rule, principle or law followed by an organization. El Kharbili (2012) on the other hand affirms that regulatory framework is majorly used by the businesses that are going to established themselves. The regulatory framework governing energy and grocery retailers comprises of rules and legislations concerning marketing practices, offering the retail products to small customers at regulated price. Haidar (2012) also portrays that the concerned organization provides less information regarding the energy bills and expenditure spent on the betterment of their organization. The primary objective for the same is to offer premium services to their valuable customers while not disclosing their major functionalities. Rugman et al. (2012) mentioned that multinational corporations, like local companies, are subject to 30 percent corporate tax. In a similar way, tax-related legislation is also passed between Australia and New Zealand, which is the double taxation convention. In Australia, it fringes the benefits of tax and withholds tax on income. While on the contrary, Khanna (2013) depicts that the same law benefits in payment of Corporation Tax and Income Tax and Capital Gains Tax. In addition to that, Woellner et al. (2016) illustrates that multinational companiesheadquartered in different countries face higher tax burdens than nations with exemption systems. An enormous amount of revenue of these organizations is spending on paying tax if they do not know the loopholes with the tax legislations to avoid tax payments ethically. This result in providing employment to the nations people that affects their business procedure directly as they are the individuals who are dealing with the customer by serving their best to fulfill their demands. The concerned organization earns a profit of $2440 million after paying tax along with an underlying increase of 8.3% excluding discontinued operations and non-trading items ("Wesfarmers Limited", 2016). Furthermore, Wild et al. (2014) depicts that Labor Law and International business enterprises come under the regulatory framework adopted by Wesfarmers Limited. This organization follows Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1904that is enacted by the Federal Parliament for preventing and settling interstate industrial disputes between their subsidiaries and institutes settled in overseas. Workplace Relations Act 1996is also followed by the organization so that they can provide an equal chance to their employee present in Australia (Kerr, 2016). Townsend et al. (2013) portrays that according to the act a single employee can negotiate their demands with the employer relying on their requirements. Similarly, in New Zealand, the labor law that is followed by the Wesfarmers Limited according to that provision on freedom of association, recognition and operation of unions must be provided to an employee working in their organization. The Labor Framework of Employment Relations Act 2000 fulfill s these activities (Kersley et al., 2013). Brauer (2016) also affirms that leading organizations like Wesfarmers values their employees and that can be illustrated by the labor regulatory framework of Equal Pay Act 1972, Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992 and Human Rights Act 1993. The concerned organization initiates to take more attention towards their organization that is present in developing cities like Bangladesh. Afrin (2014) mentions that labor present there has lack of education and their standard of living does not permit them to fulfill their basic demands. Thus, Wesfarmers implement the strategy to start their business so that they can provide proper training and employment for upgrading the living standards of these people and earn recognition in the market of Bangladesh. Aktar and Abdullah (2013) depicts that unlike every nations labor framework, this country also implements Bangladesh Labour Act2006 that is followed by Wesfarmers Limited. According to this legislation, an appointment letter must be issued for hiring any labor, provident form and yearly festive bonus and other workplace related legislations. As Wesfarmers Limited, have their organization established in UK, the labor regulatory framework is also followed. Employment Rights Act 1996 demonstrates that employees can get right to leave for childcare and to request flexible working patterns. The Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 is initiated for fair-trading between the overseas organization through the employees who are associated with the trading procedures. Lastly, Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006 is applicable for the business that has transferred their business to an entirely new business. However, Prassl (2013) depicts that as Wesfarmers is not only associated with retail industry but also regulates the coal and mines and safety product, this TUPE legislation is applicable to them where they maintain their every business by protecting their employees. Khanna (2013) defines that the protection is regarding the zero dismissals of their employees, the contract should not be violated under any organizational changes, and they should consult with a representative in such change situations. Moreover, in countries like India, Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (MMDRA) is followed by about mining major minerals. Coal Mining Safety and Health Act 1999 is applicable in coal and industry mining field for the safety of labor and is followed under the primary legislation of Corporations A ct 2001. Health of the employee is the foremost priority consideration as they are the crucial members carrying a business to success; thus, in New Zealand also Health and Safety in EmploymentAct1992 in coal mining sectors of Wesfarmers Limited and is also supported by the regulatory framework of WorkSafeNew Zealand Act2013 ("Rules and regulations | NZ Petroleum Minerals", 2016). In addition to that, The MinesRegulations2014 act enforced from April 2015 for people of UK works in coal mines along with the regulatory framework of labor law of Mines and CollieriesAct1842 ("Health and Safety Legislation that applies to mines", 2016). 3. Treaties, conventions or agreements that have affected the products or services of that company According to the viewpoint of Aust (2013), a treaty is a formally concluded and ratified an agreement between the nations with which an organization is trading. The primary reason for adopting treaty is to support the trade between countries for better economic growth and business revenues. Australian organization has some signed agreement with New Zealand that are ASEAN-Australia / NZ Free Trade Area, Australia and New Zealand Closer Economic Relations ("Australia-New Zealand Trade Agreement", 2016). Moreover, other treaties like those that the New Zealand government initiates Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement where trading of counterfeit goods have to be abandoned. Wesfarmers Limiteds coal and mining business impacted a lot in a positive way as no exploratory and counterfeit goods are traded with stakeholders and no such good is exported to other countries. This results in an ethical business relationship with the concerned organization with the business partners. Nottage (2014) also depicts that as Wesfarmers Limited targets a huge field of their business that covers not only the retail industry but also the mining and energy providing industry which makes them the defeating two of the leading industry in Australia in two of the respective field- Woolworth and BHP Billiton. Moreover, there subsidiaries also signed agreement to formulate a collaborative business for attaining economic growth to the nation. Nottage (2015) demonstrates and example, where Bunnings established 15 new sites with six freehold trading locations, two freehold development sites and seven leasehold trading locations. In 11 out of these 15 sites, they allowed Wesfarmers to locate their store so that their customer can access the store from anywhere in Australia ("Wesfarmers Limited", 2016). However, the initiatives they are planning to initiate in other countries and continents also where they can provide their goods and services to their customers. In addition to that, Wesfarmers Limited follows the protocol signed between Australia and India in 2011, which demonstrates that the method of double taxation should be avoided along with the fiscal evasion. In this situation, the source country only has to pay the cross-border services tax where the trading is done more than 183 days in 12 months ("Wesfarmers Limited", 2016). The primary advantage of this approach is that the source country can trade their goods and services by attaining profits derived from natural resource exploration or exploitation activities and operation of substantial equipment. These activities between Australia and India are supported by the legislation International Tax Agreements Act 2014 ("International Tax Agreements Act 2014", 2016). Kuppusamy and Anantharaman (2014) portrays that in the circumstances when some other countries exports some hazardous waste, then they have to take permit from the Ministry of Economic Development present in Australia. In addition to that, there are some inter-state agreements, which the subsidiaries signed with Wesfarmers Limited. Coles signed a long-term supply agreement where they offer greater value through lowering the price. Furthermore, to mitigate the risk of reduced market demand for products, WesCEF manage the risk by establishing long-term contract and established pricing mechanisms supported with short-term spot agreements ("Wesfarmers Limited", 2016). In this way, every associated stakeholder will be satisfied with his or her business procedure and Wesfarmers can continued to be the leading retailers in the market. In terms of the coal ad mining business, a coal supply agreement is also signed with the Stanwell Corporation Limited. This results in new three-year partnership agreement by increasing their partnership with the indigenous community. Booth and Coveney (2015) demonstrates the benefits of fostering an inclusive culture, flexible work arrangements, paid parental leave, on-site vacation childcare and keep-in-touch programs. Mining lease agreements impose obligations to remediate areas is following by the concerned organization since 20 years. They also have International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) master netting agreement for supporting their financial instrument. Reference List Afrin, S. (2014). Labour Condition in the Apparel Industry of Bangladesh: Is Bangladesh Labour Law 2006 Enough?.Developing Country Studies,4(11). Aktar, S., Abdullah, A. S. M. (2013). Protecting child labour in Bangladesh: domestic laws versus international instruments.Bangladesh e-journal of sociology,10(1), 153-172. Aust, A. (2013).Modern treaty law and practice. Cambridge University Press. 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